Figurative LanguageFigurative language is language that one must figure out. The term “figurative” is an antonym of ”literal.” In literal language the words convey meaning exactly as defined, whereas in figurative language there is room for interpretation. An effort is required on the part of the interpreter to determine the speaker or writer’s intended meaning. The listener or reader must “figure” out what is meant. It is also known as a "figure of speech."
IdiomsIdioms are commonly used figurative expressions. Idiom is not a distinct figurative language technique. Rather, most idioms are similes, metaphors, hyperbole, or other figurative language techniques. For example, the idiom “I’m so hungry that I could eat a horse,” is actually an example of hyperbole. And the idiom, “dropping like flies,” is actually a simile. What separates an idiom from its original technique, however, is that idioms have been so commonly used that they became incorporated into the colloquial lexicon of native language speakers. In other words, native speakers use them so much that they don’t even know that they are using figurative language.
Here are some idiom examples: 1. Bob’s new corner office was just the icing on the cake (metaphor). 2. After eating candy, Billy ran around like a chicken with his head cut off (simile). 3. The quarter back was running out of steam (metaphor). 4. That new car cost an arm and a leg (hyperbole). 5. Tom said that he changed but actions speak louder than words (personification). Idioms are generally used so frequently by native language speakers that it often goes unnoticed that figurative language is even being used. When someone is learning a new language, one of the milestones of progress is when the learner begins to understand and use the language idiomatically or colloquially. |
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